October 4 Shakespeare - So Punny!

Thursday October 4th, Shakespeare - So Punny!

Objective Questions: How does Shakespeare use puns to his advantage in his plays? What purpose do they serve in The Merchant of Venice?

What are puns, anyway? 

• Pun: A play on words that highlights the use of one word that has two definitions for dual meaning
• usually used for humor 
• used in deep manner
• Puns in Shakespeare:
• Shakespeare's main tool was language - he often hid puns throughout the dialogue
• Understanding puns in Shakespeare will either make us laugh, or deepen our understanding of what is really going on in the scene

Examples of Puns in The Merchant of Venice

" . . . O me, the word 'choose!' I may

Neither choose whom I would nor refuse whom I dislike; so is

the will of living daughter curbed

By the will of a dead father . . .'" - Portia (1.2.22-25)

Interaction between Shylock and Antonio (1.3.153-165):

Shylock: ". . .This is kind I offer."

Bassanio: "This were kindness!"

Shylock: "This kindness will I show.

Go with me to the notary, seal me there

Your single bond; and in a merry sport. . ."

Antonio: Content, in faith. I'll seal to such a bond, 

And say there is much kindness in the Jew.

Go with me to a notary, seal me there
Your single bond; and in a merry sport,
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums as are
Expressed in the condition, let the forfeit
Be nominated for an equal pound
Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken
In what part of your body pleaseth m

HYLOCKWhy, look you how you storm!
I would be friends with you and have your love,
Forget the shames that you have stained me with,
Supply your present wants, and take no doit
Of usance for my moneys, and you’ll not hear me!
This is kind I offer.
BASSANIO This were kindness!
SHYLOCK This kindness will I show.
Go with me to a notary, seal me there
Your single bond; and in a merry sport,
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums as are
Expressed in the condition, let the forfeit
Be nominated for an equal pound
Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken
In what part of your body pleaseth me.
ANTONIO 
Content, in faith. I’ll seal to such a bond,
And say there is much kindness in the Jew

"Now, by my hood, a gentle and no Jew!" - Gratiano (2.6.53) (Talking about Jessica)

"We all expect a gentle answer Jew"- Duke (4.1.35) 

"Hie thee, gentle Jew" - Antonio (1.3.190), use of "gentle/gentile"

"Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,

Though mak'st thy knife keen. But no metal can,

No, not the hangman's axe, bear half the keenness

Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee?" - Gratiano (4.1.125-29)

". . . an equal pound 

Of your fair flesh to be cut off and taken 

In what part of your body pleaseth me!" - Shylock (1.3.161-63)

"Thyself shall see the act" - Portia (4.1. 328)

Character of Lancelot constantly making puns:

• "infection vs. affection" "impertinent vs pertinent" & "poor"
• Act 3 scene 5 - misuses words and engages Lorenzo in battle of puns and deliberate misunderstanding 

Activity: Using the Worksheet, observe the underlined pun and discuss with your partner:

1. What does it mean - what is literal and what is metaphorical?
2. Create two of your own puns!

Worksheet:

Puns

"A Play on Words"

Using a word or words that have more than 1 meaning.

Examples:

1. I recently spent money on detergent to unclog my kitchen sink. It was money down the drain.

2. Our social studies teacher says that her globe means the world to her.

3. A jury is never satisfied with the verdict. The jury always returns it.

4. Sir Lancelot once had a very bad dream about his horse. It was a knight mare.

5. A dog not only has a fur coat but also pants.

6. Today I've got a pressing engagement. I must go to the cleaners.

7. The principal part of a horse is the mane, of course.

8. Having lots of good cookbooks only makes sense. They contain such stirring events.

9. If you want to make a pun from dunlop. Then lop off the lop and the pun is dun. 

10. I used to be twins. My mother has a picture of me when I was two. 

11. I work as a baker because I knead dough.

12. What is the difference between a conductor and a teacher?

The conductor minds the train and a teacher trains the mind. 

AND…

1.I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me.  

2. I couldn't quite remember how to throw a boomerang, but eventually it came back to me.

3. Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off? He's all right now. 

4. He drove his expensive car into a tree and found out how the Mercedes bends. 

5. There was a sign on the lawn at a drug re-hab center that said 'Keep off the Grass'.

6. Police were called to a daycare where a three-year-old was resisting a rest. 

7. To write with a broken pencil is pointless.  

8. A small boy swallowed some coins and was taken to a hospital. When his grandmother telephoned to ask how he was, a nurse said 'No change yet'. 

9. What did the grape say when it got stepped on? Nothing - but it let out a little whine. 

10. The butcher backed up into the meat grinder and got a little behind in his work.

There are many puns. Creating your own puns can be lots and lots of fun! Think of words or phrases that sound similar to others.

Using the patterns above, you are to write two puns. In case you need help getting started, here are some suggestions:

in Seine                                                        denial (ne nile)

Taiwan (tie one)                                           antifreeze (aunty frees)

newly weds (newly webs)                           defeat (de feet)

Tylenol (tile and all)                                   liability (lie ability)                 

patients (virtue/doctors' patients)               optical illusion (optical Aleutian)

appeal (a peel)

Lettuce (let us)

seasons (salt and pepper or Holiday)

ice day/nice day

well

sew/so

comb (rooster's comb/people's comb)

Funny Videos:

Wednesday October 3rd - Figurative Language in Shakespeare

Wednesday October 3rd: Figurative Language in Shakespeare

Coming up: After we look at puns in Shakespeare tomorrow, we will begin our final project for The Merchant of Venice unit next Monday. The rubric will be posted on Monday's blog.

Tomorrow both your figurative language graphic organizers will be due to Ms. Tesoro for grading. They will be returned on Monday for use during the final project.

Objective question: How does Shakespeare use figurative language in The Merchant of Venice. 

Objective: We should be able to identify figurative language in use by the end of this lesson and understand the impact of its use in this text. If you can do it with Shakespeare, you can do it with anything!

In Class: We will be using our graphic organizers from yesterday. We also chose numbers yesterday for what quote everyone will be working on. After briefly discussing directions for today's activity, please:

1. Meet with your groups by the poster and take 5 minutes to discuss what device your quote is and why. Before writing it down, call either Ms. Parker or Ms. Tesoro over to approve.  Highlight/underline the key words or phrases in the quote that prove why it is the example of your literary device. 
2. You will then have another 5 minutes to discuss and write down the purpose as to why Shakespeare might have used this device. Also include: What impact does the use of this device have (in this instance)? MAKE SURE YOU HAVE FILLED THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER OUT FOR YOUR SPECIFIC LITERARY DEVICE.
3. We will go around the room in a gallery walk fashion. You will have 2 minutes at each groups poster, and when the timer goes off, move to the right. At each poster, students should fill out their graphic organizer with the quote number and a brief explanation as to the purpose and impact of the device. 
4. At the end, we will discuss where we are as a whole and how comfortable we feel with identifying figurative language devices in use. 

Roles during activity:

• 1 person = designated writer on the poster
• 1 person = designated highlighter/underliner & time keeper
• If you have 3 people in your group, the third person will be the time keeper

Time breakdown:

• 1st 5 mins = underline and circle key words or phrases that jump out to you 
• 2nd 5 mins = identify the device 
• 3rd 5 minutes = purpose & impact
• remaining class time = gallery walk where every 2 minutes we all move to the right to read the next groups poster and fill out our graphic organizers
• Last five mins = How comfortable do you feel identifying figurative language devices after these two lessons?

Groups Period 9: 
Quote 2: Jared & Michael
Quote 3: Aracely, Tallulah, & Jamila
Quote 4:Nayeli, Alquasia, & Omarion
Quote 5: Brooklyn & Eysha
Quote 6: Khajari, Alyssa, & Alexis
Quote 7: James, & Nilaya
Quote 8: Monique & Sade
Quote 9: Faith & Montreall
Quote 10: Lorenzo & Jonathan

*********************************************************************************

Here are the quotes for this assignment:

·      Quote 1:

“If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as 

Chaste as Diana, unless I be obtained by the manner 

Of my father’s will…” – Portia (1.2.106-08)

·      Quote 2:

“Mark you this, Bassanio,

The devil can cite Scripture for his own purpose! 

An evil soul producing holy witness 

Is like a villain with a smiling cheek, 

A goodly apple rotten at the heart 

O, what a goodly outside falsehood hath!” – Antonio (1.3.106-111)

·      Quote 3:

“How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank.

 Here we sit and let the sound of music” – Lorenzo (5.1.62-63)

·      Quote 4:

“And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it is the complexion of them to leave the dam” – Solanio (3.1.29-31)

·      Quote 5:

“From brassy bossoms and rough hearts of flint,

From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never train’d 

To offices of tender courtesy.” – Duke (4.1.32-34)

·      Quote 6:“. . .why, he hath a horse better than the Neapolitan’s a better bad habit of frowning than the Count Palatine.” – Portia (1.2. 58-60)

·      Quote 7:

“Let us all ring fancy’s knell.

I’ll begin it. – Ding, dong, bell.”– Portia’s song for Lorenzo (3.2.72-73)

·      Quote 8:

"Tarry a little; there is something else.

 This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood.

 The words expressly are 'a pound of flesh’ 

 Take then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh, 

 But, in the cutting it, if thou dost shed 

 One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods 

 Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate 

 Unto the state of Venice." – Portia (4.1.318-25)

·      Quote 9:(talking about pound of flesh) 

“Why, fear not, man, I will not forfeit it!

Within these two months – that’s a month before

This bond expires – I do expect return 

Of thrice three times the value of this bond.” – Antonio (1.3.168-71)

·      Quote 10:

“Why, that’s the lady! All the world desires her.

 From the four corners of the earth they come

To kiss this shrine, this mortal-breathing saint.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

For princes to come view fair Portia.

The watery kingdom, whose ambitious head 

Spets in the face of heaven, is no bar 

To stop the foreign spirits, but they come 

As o’er a brook, to see fair Portia.” – Morocco (2.7.44-46, 49-53) 

 ************************************************************************************************

Graphic Organizer:

Name: ____________________________________                                                                                    Date: ___________________

Figurative Language in Shakespeare

Directions:Using your graphic organizer from yesterday, identify which quote is an example of the Figurative Language deviceon the left and underlinethe example of the device in the quote (the hints that made you choose it). Next, under the purpose column, answer the questions: Why do you think Shakespeare used this figurative language device? What impact does the device have when you read it?

Device	Quote from Text	Purpose of the Device in this Quote
Metaphor
Simile
Personification
Allusion
Hyperbole
Deus Ex Machina
Litotes
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron
Alliteration

ANSWERS FROM 3RD PERIOD:

Metaphor - Quote #4 - Solanio knew Jessica was going to leave Shylock somehow at some point, just like a bird would leave the Nest - demonstrates Jessica's independence.

Similie - Quote # 2 - To give insight that a villain does not always show themselves as evil - used to describe Shylock. Directly shows that Shylock is evil but his outward appearance might not show it.

Personification - Quote #3 - To make a stronger emotional connection between Lorenzo and Portia and demonstrate how important the moonlight is to him.

Allusion - Quote #1 - we did this in class, reference to Diana the Greek Goddess known for Chastity and innocence.

Hyperbole - Quote #10 - To exaggerate her beauty and also characterize Morocco as over the top.

Deus Ex Machina - Quote #8 - This saves Antonio's life otherwise he was going to die - also makes the tragic events a comedic tragedy since Portia dressing up as a boy at this point would be funny.

Litotes - Quote #9 - Emphasis on Antonio's character because he is brave, and not worried about nobody. Also demonstrates his ego in that he thinks he is above being punished by a Jew.

Onomatopoeia - Quote #7 - To emphasize the bell and bring Lorenzo choosing the correct chest to life.

Oxymoron - Quote #6 - To compare the personality that of her suitor to figures that were commonly known. This provides evidence as to why Portia feels she should not marry him. "better bad" also demonstrates how odd he is.

Alliteration - Quote #5 - Makes the quote interesting because it has a ring to it. Using alliteration makes the reader catch the repeated sounds which make the quotes stand out, but it also demonstrates the Duke's class because he is higher class and speaks like it.

Tuesday October 2nd - Intro to Figurative Language

Tuesday October 2nd: Intro to Figurative Language

Coming up: Tomorrow we will analyze quotes from The Merchant of Venice using figurative language! At home, read, analyze, and start thinking about which figurative language device your quote portrays! NO VOCABULARY QUIZ THIS WEEK :) 

Objective Question: What are the main figurative language devices, and how/why are they used?

In class: Today we will learn about figurative language. First, you will receive your graphic organizers. As we discuss each figurative language device:

1. Fill out the definition based on our conversation in class. Later, add the formal definition from the end of today's blog post
2. Engage in the class conversation about your knowledge on each device 
3. Write down your own example of the device in use

A copy of the graphic organizer will be posted at the bottom of the blog after the device definitions. 

Figurative Language Devices

• Metaphor

A figure of speech that compares two things by saying that one is the other. Sometimes metaphors are used implicitly.

Implicitly: in a way that is not directly expressed (indirect)

ex. "with all the force of a great typhoon, be a man, with all the force of a raging fire. . ." - Mulan

• Simile

A figure of speech that directly compares two (unlike) things using the words "like" or "as."

ex. "life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gunna get." - Forrest Gump

Metaphor vs. Simile

• Personification

When non-human things are described as having human attributes.

ex. - "you start to freeze, as horror looks you right between the eyes" - Michael Jackson, Thriller

• Allusion

An unexplained reference to someone or something outside of the text. (ex. when other literary figures/works, famous individuals, historical events, philosophical figures, etc. are referenced)

ex.

• Hyperbole

Figure of speech when the writer or speaker exaggerates for the sake of emphasis (or dramatic effect).

ex. 

• Litotes

A figure of speech in the form of an understatement. When a negative statement is used to affirm a positive sentiment (ironic understatement).

-Usually it is used to display modesty in describing something amazing rather than boasting

-Also used to downplay enthusiasm

-used in a witty manner 

Ex. "He's to the friendliest person"

• Deus Ex Machina 

A plot device where an unsolvable conflict or point of tension is suddenly resolved by the unexpected appearance of an implausible character, object, action, ability, or event.

ex.

• Alliteration

A figure of speech in which the same sound repeats in a group of words.

ex. 

• Onomatopoeia

A figure of speech in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe.

ex. 

• "boom" of the firework 
• "tick tock" on the clock 
• "snap, crackle, pop"

• Oxymoron

When two contradictory terms or ideas are intentionally paired in order to make a point - particularly to reveal a deeper or hidden truth.

ex. "I'm busy doing nothing."

• Helpful resources for learning figurative language and other literary devices:
• Website with definitions, examples, and explanations: https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/oxymoron
• Youtube video with pop culture examples for each device: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_pxfifB6Co
• Figurative language in Disney songs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkRC4DZF-_U

Practice for Activity Tomorrow

• Quote #1 on your graphic organizer

Quote: 

“If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as 

Chaste as Diana, unless I be obtained by the manner 

Of my father’s will…” – Portia (1.2.106-08)

1) What are the key words/phrases in this quote that help you identify the device?

2) What figurative language device is in this quote?

3) What is the purpose/impact of the literary device in this quote? Why might have Shakespeare used it in this case?

                          Groups for Tomorrow's Activity:

Period 3:

Quote 2: Alisha & Jesus

Quote 3: Teriyana & Devante

Quote 4: John II & Queen

Quote 5: ZyAisha, Ricardo & Logan 

Quote 6: Simone & Isabella 

Quote 7: Bryan & Mey 

Quote 8: Saw & Eh Tha

Quote 9: Caleb, Alisha 

Quote 10: Derrick & Alyssa

If you're number is not listed here please comment below what number your quote is, otherwise I will reassign it.
*********************************************************************************

Name: __________________________________                                                                                        Date:___________________

Figurative Language Definition Chart 

Directions: From our discussion in class and your own knowledge, complete the definitionsection of the chart, and then provide your own example of the literary device.

Device	Definition	Example in Action
Metaphor
Simile
Personification
Allusion
Hyperbole
Litotes
Deus Ex Machina
Alliteration
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron

Monday, October 1 concluding The Merchant of Venice

In class We will finish the film today. On Tuesday, I will collect both of the graphic organizers. This is exactly what you are responsible for: On the plot organizer you must have two examples of textual evidence for both the pound of flesh AND the casket plot lines. These should also include correct citation and a paraphrase. For the elopement plot line, you should have a narrative that explains the plot the plot line. Make sure to include characters and setting details. That is all you need do for the plot graphic organizer.

For the character organizer: you should have chose two of the six main characters as your focus: Antonio, Bassiano, Portia, Nerissa, Shylock or Jessica. For the two you have chose, please write a narrative of their roles within the play. You should already have all the information from the first two acts; the rest you will take from the film.

AGAIN: both graphic organizers will be collected for grading at the beginning of class on Tuesday.


The Merchant of Venice text

listen and read along to The Merchant of Venice